The Usage Of Information And Communication Technologies Education Essay

AbstractionThe universities expenditure on computing machine substructure has increased dramatically for the last five old ages, as the establishments attempts to intermix ICTs into all facets of instruction and acquisition. And with the revolution in ICTs connectivity, handiness, package and hardware handiness is no longer an major issue. As universities are puting immense sum in incorporating ICT into faculty members and the survey aims to understand the pupils and instructors positions on the usage of information and communicating engineerings ( ICTs ) as teaching-learning tools in higher instruction. The survey aims to derive a better apprehension of the function engineerings play in back uping teaching-learning activities and penetration into what pupils and teacher perceive to be the benefits and restrictions of utilizing engineerings in higher instruction. The survey focuses on the alterations in pupil ‘s communicating form with the coming of ICTs. A study was conducted utilizing a graded sampling technique and a structured questionnaire was employed to roll up informations from five 100 pupils of Anna University across all subjects. To understand the instructor ‘s perceptual experience of ICTs an in-depth interview has been conducted among 50 instructors from Anna University. The survey reveals that the pupils are able to have big content in different formats from assorted beginnings and these content fulfil the single demands of the pupils. Networking and interaction among instructors and pupils helps to unclutter the uncertainties round the clock. The technological discovery encourages the pupils to come out of their inhabitancy and is motivated to take part in capable based treatments. This transforms the University campus from the inactive to collaborative and progressive establishment.IntroductionIntegration of ICT in Higher instruction: The bend towards the computing machine based teaching-learning over the past 20 old ages is assumed to hold revolutionized and revitalized the higher instruction sector. Thus, stark ultimatums continue to be made by instruction engineers that universities must either ‘transform or decease ‘ in the face of technological advancement ( Bates, 2004 ) . Higher instruction is undergoing a paradigm displacement by incorporating engineering to leave instruction. The ICT-driven alterations have left constructs like distance and clip wholly excess. What is needed now is the right sort of models for different manners of acquisition and it is indispensable that alterations anticipated over the following decennary or two be taken into consideration. The estimated worth of ICT in India is Rs 4,00,000 crore and is turning at 20 per cent yearly. â€Å" By the twelvemonth 2020, about 25 per cent of India ‘s economic system will be accounted by ICT entirely ( Bhatkar, 2011 ) . While universities have begun to recognize that the acceptance and integrating of information and communicating engineerings ( ICT ) has become a competitory necessity, they have besides begun to recognize that there is still much to larn about how to strategically place ICT to guarantee the greatest positive consequence on university success. ( Romaniello, Rey, Carlos, & A ; Medlin, 2010 ) . Impact of ICT can non be straight measured and can merely be measured by analyzing its indirect effects on the procedure of instruction and acquisition. Universities need to see how technology-based instructional plans are mounted to guarantee that pupils use the Internet effectively as a acquisition tool for assorted reliable larning activities such as carry oning research on a given subject or happening relevant information for an assignment. The Internet can supply the undermentioned three basic types of tools in the educational sphere: Tools for enquiry, Tools for communicating, Tools for bu ilding ( Gudanescu, 2010 ) . 1.2 Information communicating engineering revolution Introduction compose up on ICT with commendations Harmonizing to the wiki books ICT is defined as â€Å" Diverse set of technological tools and resources used to pass on, and to make, circulate, shop, and manage information. These engineerings include computing machines, the Internet, airing engineerings ( wireless and telecasting ) , and telephone. In recent old ages tremendous involvement has been shown by academicians, developers and policy shapers on how computing machines and cyberspace can be efficaciously used for instruction at all degrees. ICT has a important impact in the manner instructors and pupils communicate. Communication in the learning procedure provides a transportation of information between university instructors and pupils. e.g. e-mail communicating over the Internet. Such a natural manner of communicating is verbal ( face to face ) or non-verbal where there is an absence of personal contact of consigner with the perceiver changes the natural theoretical account of communicating between instructors and pupils. The Internet has been interfering with the class of the educational procedure at universities because the modern-day coevals of pupils is sing the Internet to be a to the full natural agencies of communicating non merely between themselves but besides with their instructors. This means of communicating is characterized by important positives ( particularly for external survey ) , but besides negative facets pre-described by the clip facet and particularly by non managing the regulations of such manne r of communicating by pupils. It is for these grounds that the part is dedicated to the Internet communicating at two degrees: university instructors and pupils, the positive and negative facets, which evidently complicate the educational procedure. ( ZeleA?akova , Pavolova , & A ; Bakalar, 2012 ) 1.3 ICT integrating At Anna University: Anna University has taken several enterprises to heighten instruction both by being the content supplier and by supplying the proficient substructure. Digital acquisition is offered to the pupils in assorted formats like Cadmium, entree to e diaries and books through the intranet, audio-video talks programmes are offered free on the web. Video Conference / Video-on-demand installation enable the pupils / module to take part in talks delivered in any campus. Anna University has late introduced Wi-Fi ( wireless cyberspace connexion ) for the pupils and staff which made cyberspace entree possible anyplace, anytime in the campus. This has lead to a dramatic addition in pupils ‘ usage of omnipresent engineerings over a period of one twelvemonth. With the turning trust on information systems and increasing celerity of the debut of new engineerings into larning environment, placing the critical factors related to user credence of engineering continues to be an of import issue. 1.4 Barriers in effectual acceptance of ICT in Universities: The organisational civilization of traditional higher instruction establishments is still defined mostly by the function of the module. The propensity of the mean module member to put in new teaching methods is undermined by two features of traditional academic civilization: the famine of inducements to advance invention in learning excellence and the isolation in which most pedagogical determinations are made. In fact, module members have about absolute liberty over determinations sing instructional quality within the schoolroom, taking one perceiver to mention to higher instruction as â€Å" one of the last centres of craft-based production † ( Taylor 1998 ) . That theoretical account will stay sustainable at some, but non all, traditional establishments. Those driven by external forces to do the most marked alterations will happen their success closely linked to their ability to prolong occupation satisfaction among their module members. 1.5 Need for the survey: Despite immense attempts to place computing machine engineering as a cardinal dogma of university instruction, the fact that many pupils and module make merely limited formal academic usage of ICT during their instruction and acquisition is less discussed by educational engineers. Contradicting the impression of the ‘cyber-campus ‘ , the existent formal usage of new engineerings in undergraduate and alumnus surveies remains inconsistent and extremely variable from class to class and establishment to establishment ( Breen et al. 2001 ; Marriott et Al. 2004 ) . Classroom uses of potentially powerful information engineerings are seen to frequently take the decreased signifier of ‘mindless activities ‘ that do little to change the outlooks, premises, and patterns of higher instruction instruction ( Moule 2003 ) . Regardless of the benefits of ICT supported instruction, it is seen that ICT supported instruction has non been promoted at a coveted degree in the instruction procedure. Among the grounds stated are the concerns that pupils involvement in topic will diminish and pupils get distracted due limited figure of computing machines. On the portion of instructors they have non acquire the needed preparation to utilize ICT efficaciously for learning acquisition and are reported non to happen sufficient clip to be able to utilize computing machines, due to the deficiency of proficient support and strength of the course of study. Above mentioned are some of the issues that are barriers in effectual execution of ICT in instruction.2. Previous ResearchMillennial, Electronic Natives, the Net Generation, many names have been used to depict the new coevals of college pupils, whom experts have identified as being clearly different from the old coevalss in footings of their technological abilities, te amwork accomplishments and openness to participatory teaching methods. However there is general understanding that younger pupils do non hold the same attributes as their older opposite numbers, bookmans and observers still offer divergent appraisals of this contrast. Such contrastive histories suggest that even if younger pupils have greater degrees of comfort or proficiency with new engineerings, it is still problematic whether such traits needfully entail more unfastened, progressive, or positive positions of the educational procedure. ICT is transforming all facets of society-from instruction to civic engagement, employment to leisure. Some writers are optimistic and argue that ICTs can take down costs, supply users with more information, make markets more efficient, and better public service. Some go farther and argue that ICTs can do societies healthier, wealthier and more democratic. While others are more doubting about the adoptability of ICT in higher instruction. Any kid born since the beginning of this century is turning up in a digital universe. Those born at the start of the century, already in the in-between old ages of primary school, have been dubbed the â€Å" Net coevals † or, more descriptively, â€Å" digital indigens † ( Prensky, 2001 ) . Oblinger and Oblinger ‘s ( 2005 ) depict the features of the ‘net coevals ‘ – pupils born after 1980 – proposing that these pupils basically differ from old coevalss in the manner they process information and communicate ( and therefore learn ) . They argue that these pupils are comfy with engineerings and suggest that the ways in which they learn is task orientated and experiential. These scholars prefer to have information rapidly, are adept at treating information and multi-tasking, and utilizing multiple/multi-modal communicating channels to entree information and communicate with friends and coachs. However, Kennedy et Al. ( 2006 ) concur with Sharpe et Al. ‘s ( 2005 ) position that there is a famine of surveies looking specifically at pupil usage of engineerings, reasoning that more empirical research is needed to back up the claims made about the net coevals. They conducted a survey looking at pupils ‘ usage of emerging engineerings, concentrating on how pupils were utilizing these to pass on, print and portion information. Their initial findings point to extended usage of engineering by pupils ; they argue that this has considerable deductions for institutional policy and pattern. Kirkwood and Price ( 2005 ) reported on informations from the Open University crossing five old ages on pupils ‘ attitudes to and experiences of engineerings. They found that there was a dramatic addition in pupils ‘ entree to and usage of ICT over the five-year period. Their meta-analysis revealed that there were differences in pupil entree to, experience of and attitude towards engineerings across capable subjects. Take together these surveies suggest that engineerings are basically impacting on the ways in which pupils learn, but that more in-depth research is needed to understand the niceties of how pupils are utilizing engineerings to back up their acquisition. Surveies that focal point at a more powdered degree of analysis of pupils ‘ usage of engineering are besides of import in the context of our research. De Laat ( 2006 ) studied emergent pupil functions and battle with e-learning activities and found that pupils are actively involved in organizing and modu lating personal and shared acquisition activities. The findings showed that pupils at assorted phases of their class developed peculiar acquisition schemes and facilitation accomplishments to back up their online acquisition. Sweeping anticipations are frequently absorbing, but most alteration processes play out in nuanced and incremental ways. While alteration in higher instruction expedited by engineering is a safe stake for the hereafter, it is every bit certain that engineering acceptance will continue unevenly across the higher instruction landscape and be driven by a broad scope of factors. Switching demographic, market, political, and other forces will necessitate many colleges and universities to redefine their institutional civilizations and missions. In an exploratory survey that examined attitudes and use of ICT among undergraduate direction pupils in Barbados Glenda Gay, et Al ( 2006 ) observed that the pupils were by and large favorable towards ICT. Males were more inclined to integrate ICT in web based direction compared to other instruction activities. Older pupils were more interested in utilizing ICT merely as a addendum to learning activities. They suggest that university decision makers need to turn to the gender and age differences sing ICT use every bit good as develop schemes to keep positive pupil attitudes and high use of ICT. Our accent on digital ICT tools and applications in instruction mirrors profound structural alterations happening worldwide in communications and information industries. The ability to digitise parallel signals and convey them over telecommunications webs is ensuing in the restructuring of the wireless, telephone, telecasting, publication, amusement, and computing machine industries into new multimedia industries that create digital merchandises uniting voice, picture, text, artworks, images, and lifes, and present these signals electronically ( Bane, Bradley, & A ; Collins, 1995 ) . Indeed, the formal usage of computing machine engineerings in many countries of higher instruction could outdo be described as sporadic, uneven, and frequently ‘low degree ‘ ( in stark contrast to the frequently inventive and informal utilizations that pupils and module brand of engineerings like nomadic telephone and other personal digital devices ) . This state of affairs has prompted some observers to disregard ICT in higher instruction as nil more than a ‘service ‘ country of course of study and teaching method which many pupils and module are loath to prosecute with in an active or sustained mode ( Reffell & A ; Whitworth 2002 ) . While rethinking the topographic point of engineering Peter goodyear states â€Å" A important portion of the kineticss of invention in the field of instruction has been engineering push. As each emerging engineering comes onto the radio detection and ranging of instruction, a mix of old and new partisans spend their clip happening jobs that can be addressed by the new solutions. This is a healthy facet of the procedures of placing the educational affordances of a new tool or artifact, but it does promote an unhelpful mentality: one in which the new thrusts out the old, continuity of professional experience is undermined, and technological carts come before educational Equus caballuss. † Students are finally the chief donees of the push to capitalise on ICT to better the entree to and quality of higher instruction. Students in the twenty-first century are ICT indigens who welcome the debut of engineerings in their acquisition procedure. They may even demand the universities to overhaul their systems and learning patterns to maintain up with workplace demands. The anyplace, anytime manner of acquisition and the networked communities harmonize really good with immature people ‘s life styles and the communicating media of their clip and age. All e-learning classs will hold to be designed to fit their acquisition manners and demands. ( UNESCO, 2011 ) . A survey on pupils and university instructors questioning who reciprocally benefit from the Internet communicating in the acquisition procedure point to deficiency of a by and large acceptable degree of the Internet communicating. It indicates that on the one manus, pupils complain about the instead long clip for responses to their electronic mails from instructors every bit good as the reluctance of university instructors to take part in on-line communications. University instructors to a greater extent knock the quality of the Internet communicating with pupils but their demands are non declared clearly plenty or are non declared at all. Both pedagogues and pupils need to be trained to utilize ICT to increase the overall quality of instruction and the effectivity of the communicating between instructors and pupils ( ZeleA?akova , Pavolova , & A ; Bakalar, 2012 ) . Bennett and Bennett ( 2003 ) , who studied the impacts of sensed features of instructional engineering on module members ‘ willingness to incorporate it in their instruction, found out that the most of import factor which impedes the usage of engineering in higher instruction is non the deficiency of technological installations or fiscal financess, but module members ‘ reluctance and their incredulity in the usage of engineering. Medlin ( 2001 ) studied different variables and identified the factors which are likely to impact instructors ‘ determinations on doing usage of electronic engineerings throughout the instruction procedure and found out that the personal motive is an of import factor which forces module members to better their instruction methods and contribute to the acquisition of pupils by technological agencies. Jenny Waycott, Sue Bennett, Gregor Kennedy, Barney Dalgarno, Kathleen Gray ( 2009 ) in their survey that investigated Australian university staff and pupils ‘ perceptual experiences and usage of current and emerging engineerings both in their day-to-day lives and in instruction and larning contexts says that â€Å" For staff, the cardinal restrictions of utilizing engineerings in higher instruction were: additions to their work loads ; usability/technical issues ; the loss of face-to-face interaction.3. AimTo cognize the Teacher ‘s attitude and use of ICT for learning acquisition. To cognize the pupil ‘s attitude and use of ICT for learning acquisition. To place the spreads in the effectual use of ICT among the instructors and pupils. To propose new attacks for effectual use better the ICT.4. METHODology ( look other articles to compose )This survey explores the issues raised in these surveies in more deepness. In order to understand the difference in the perceptual experience of engineering among pupils and instructors of Engineering plan a sample of 500 pupils and 50 instructors was taken for the survey. The research worker collected informations utilizing a ego administered questionnaire. from a graded random sample of 500 pupils from different subjects of Engineering from Anna University. The study was conducted during the month of December 2011. The survey involved an in deepness interview with the instructors from assorted sections to understand their perceptual experience on use of engineering in teaching-learning procedure. A sample of 50 instructors has been taken for the survey. Out of the 50 instructor 20 are in their early 30 ‘s and 15 are in their late 40 ‘s and 15 above 50 ‘s. ( May be in consequences )( How many questionnaire distributed? No. of respondents: aˆÂ ¦ )5. RESULTS & A ; DiscussionThis survey has followed study method and in-depth interview methods to garner the information. Data collected from the different methods loosely classified in four classs like instructors and pupils Attitude to information engineering, Access to information engineering, Usage of ICT and educational content, Change in communicating form due to ICT. These provide a higher-level description of the manner in which pupils and instructors were utilizing engineerings and their associated perceptual experiences of engineerings. The consequences are presented and discussed below.Attitudes to Information TechnologyMajority favorable attitudes to the usage of ICT within the academic environmentTyping assignments 90 %Part of their surveies 95 %Supplementing other learning activities 72 %E-mailing inquiries to instructors 70 %Use computing machines as replacings to other traditional instruction activitiesMale 55 %Female 33 %Preferred utilizing the computing machine as a addendum to learningOlder pupils ( over 22 old ages ) 81 %Younger pupils ( 19 old ages and under ) 19 %Social networking site as observed by many research workersFacebook 92 %Download packages and music 94 %Small figure of pupils on-line purchasing of tickets – ?1. Opinion on ICT based instruction S. No. Description Yes To an Extent No 1 Do you experience incorporating ICT ( Information Communication Technology ) in instruction is of import? 2 Does your college encourage you to purchase new appliances and accoutrements? 3 Do you believe ICT ( information communicating engineering ) can counter the defect in traditional acquisition? 4 Is Blended acquisition ( utilizing computing machine based instruction as a auxiliary tool for learning ) beneficial? 5 Do you believe engineering has an impact on your day-to-day life? 6 Have engineering alterations the manner you communicate with your friends? List the activities you do with the computing machines? S. No. Description Regularly Frequently Occasionally Never 1 Lab work 2 Surf cyberspace 3 Prepare presentation 4 Make assignment 5 Play games 6 Look for lucifer tonss 7 Social media sites 8 Movies/song download 9 Search for intelligence updates 10 Others ( stipulate ) 9. Click the appliances you own from the list below S. No. Description Yes No 1 Laptops 2 Desktops/personal computing machine 3 Mobile with net installation ( GSM ) 4 Mobile without net installation ( GSM ) 5 Ipod 6 Ipad 7 Personal digital assistant 8 Pen thrust 9 External difficult disc 10 Others ( Specify ) This survey found that Engineering pupils were by and large favorable to ICT in an academic scene. The bulk ( 99 % ) of the sample expressed favorable attitudes to the usage of ICT within the academic environment. Computer ownership is high and pupils have become accustomed to being able to electronically entree information. The features of the net coevals are apparent in the information. Besides there is grounds from the information that there is a displacement from inactive to more synergistic facets of acquisition. Technology is at the bosom of all facets of their lives as bulk ( 87 % ) of the pupils own more than 5 appliances namly mobile phone, laptop, desktop, pendrive, mp3. However, pupils were immune to the usage of computing machines as full replacing of the regular, traditional instruction experience. This determination suggests pupils ‘ strong penchant for both signifiers of the academic experience ( i.e. , interaction with the instructor and interaction with information engineering ) . Furthermore, Frizler ( 1995 ) asserts that although computing machines can ne'er replace instructors, computing machines can â€Å" supply first-class and reasonably cheap auxiliary stuffs to heighten schoolroom direction † ( Bataineh and Baniabdelrahman, 2005 ) . Particularly, pupils were more inclined to utilize computing machines for: typewriting assignments ( 90 % ) , portion of their surveies ( 95 % ) , supplementing other learning activities ( 72 % ) , and e-mailing inquiries to instructors ( 70 ) . With regard to gender, no important gender differences were found bespeaking that both males and females by and large had a penchant for the usage of information engineering but the appliances owned by male pupils ( more than 5 ) were relatively more than the female pupils and the clip spent with engineering were higher among the male pupils. However, males ( 55 % ) , to a important grade, by and large preferred to utilize computing machines as replacings to other traditional instruction activities, compared to females ( 33 % ) . Refering comparings utilizing age, no important differences were found. However, a important age difference was found for utilizing the computing machine as a addendum to other instruction activities. Older pupils ( over 22 old ages ) ( 81 % ) preferred utilizing the computing machine as a addendum to instruction, compared to younger pupils ( 19 old ages and under ) . Students use engineerings in their mundane interactions with household and friends are different from their penchants for engineering usage in formal acquisition scenes. For many a pupil ‘s instant messaging and ( 90 % ) societal networking remain within the range of their private lives. Their preferable societal networking site as observed by many research workers remained to be face book ( 92 % ) . Apart from chew the fating over face book they besides used cyberspace to download package ‘s and music ( 94 % ) . Small figure of pupils ( 17 % ) said they do on-line purchasing of tickets, book and appliances. A complete tabular array needed and some graphsInformation seeking and managingStudents are adept at happening and pull stringsing relevant information and synthesising across different information beginnings and utilize a assortment of communicating tools to back up their acquisition demands. Students used the web extensively to widen their apprehension of constructs and supplement class stuff. Search engines and information sites such as Wikipedia were often mentioned. Several reported that seeking with Google was their first action when seeking to acquire information for an assignment. Some of the pupils have reported that they have non found relevant information and had to utilize alternate beginnings of paper- based information. A figure of pupils highlighted that a cardinal benefit of engineerings was the chances engineerings provide in footings of handiness. Despite the many favorable remarks about engineerings there were still some usability issues. Students were critical of severely designed web sites and package which appeared ‘old fashioned ‘ . They stated happening shoping through over-structured web sites, with ill designed pilotage frustrating, as they are used to the ( deceivingly ) simple and seemingly effectual interface of hunt engines. Specialised subject-based sites were often cited. Printed text editions were considered by some to be outdated and hard to digest but were still used by many as cardinal resources. A complete tabular array needed and some graphs . Purpose of internet use: Purpose of utilizing ICT S. No. Description Yes No 1 Doubt elucidations 2 To listen to Lecture 3 Research intents 4 Syllabus based entree 5 Measure yourself 6 Interaction with experts 7 To fix for scrutinies 8 To acquire depth cognition in the country of involvement 9 For undertaking plants 10 To seek occupation chances 11 To seek inside informations about higher surveiesChange in communicating formUse of communicating engineerings to back up their surveies was extended. Many pupils reported utilizing nomadic phones often to phone and text each other, to discourse issues related to their acquisition, and peculiarly for assignment questions. They expressed positive feelings about the communicating engineerings they used, though some found the frequent breaks which arose as a effect of this changeless communicating disruptive to analyze. Email was used universally and was the chief channel for communicating with coachs. About all our communications with the university are through electronic mail. They use email to pass on with everyone, particularly lectors ; set uping meetings, inquiring inquiries about work and questions over assignments, etc. Some preferable to utilize text messages and instant messaging with equals, using the extra functionality available with the latter for sharing files and organizing meetings. Instant courier, free to utilize, easy of usage to talk to people with fast response, ability to portion files across it, ability to work on group undertakings with it, and ability to video conference. Students expected and by and large received speedy responses to their electronic mails and appreciated the flexibleness this provided. Low cost communicating engineerings such as Skype ( package which allows pupils to name people for free or at a low cost via the cyberspace ) , MSN confab and electronic mail were considered priceless signifiers of communicating and were being used in a assortment of different ways ( student-student, student-friends/family, student-department/ university or coach ) . Skype was mentioned by some of the pupils as a cheap, easy manner to maintain in touch with friends and household. For some pupils text messaging and the nomadic phone, although popular, were regarded as more expensive options. Information retrieval from the web was chiefly for text-based stuffs, but pupils besides reported seeking for images ( to include in presentations ) . A complete tabular array needed and some graphs . Mode of Study stuffs circulated by your instructors S. No. Description Regularly Frequently Occasionally Never 1 Photocopy 2 Electronic mail 3 Books ( print ) 4 Pen thrust 5 Mobile 6 Others ( stipulate )Teachers perceptual experience of TechnologyMost of the instructor who were in their early 30s had some entree to computing machine in their higher instruction and hold gone about updating their cognition as they felt learning with the engineering is really effectual. They use power point slides for their category and give online mentions to the pupils. Many instructors felt that with the aid of engineering information aggregation and storage has simplified. They besides encourage pupils to make online entry and connected to pupils through groups and societal networking sites. Many of the instructors who are in their late 40 have non received any formal preparation in computing machine and have learned computing machine on occupation. They said they felt batch of trouble in the beginning but as they started utilizing it, it has simplified and enhanced their instruction. Most of the instructors still prefer books and are more comfy reading books that the vitamin E books. Almost all instructors are comfy with smart category suites and are utilizing batch of multimedia to do their instruction interesting and enlightening. Many of the instructors have besides expressed their sentiment that integrating ICT in learning is clip devouring and needs entree to batch of substructure. They want the establishment to recognize instructors to utilize ICT and supply the necessary substructure so that others who are non users of ICT will be motivated. A complete tabular array needed and some graphs 26. What do you believe is the chief hinderance for integrating of ICT ( information communicating engineering ) in teaching-learning procedure? S. No. Description Strongly Disagree Disagree No Opinion Agree Strongly Agree 1 Lack of Time 2 Syllabus force per unit area 3 Infrastructure inability 4 Addicted to the engineering 5 Not interacting face to confront with people 6 Additions disbursals 7 Others ( delight specify ) 18. Main manner of communicate with pupils S. No. Description Most frequently Frequently Sometimes Rarely Never 1 Face to confront 2 Electronic mails 3 Mobile rivers 4 Forums 5 Chat 6 Web log 7 Others ( Specify ) Mode of Teaching S. No. Description Most frequently Frequently Sometimes Rarely Never 1 Lecture 2 talk and utilize Blackboard 3 Lecture and usage OHP projector 4 Lecture and usage LCD projector 5 Tocopherol contentFINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONSelect of import points from the Results and Discussion and revision hereThis survey found that Engineering pupils were by and large favorable to ICT in an academic scene. Older pupils were more favorable to computing machine usage as a addendum to other instruction activities, compared to younger pupils. Students had entree to computing machines and the Internet off campus. There besides seems to be widespread use of assorted signifiers of information engineering such as Internet, WebCT and electronic mail. Students are comfy with engineering and see it as built-in portion of their life. They are on the whole, sophisticated users – utilizing different tools for different intents, critically cognizant of the pros and cons. Students have specific outlooks and the cyberspace is their first port of call for information and they expect entree to up-to-date/ relevant information and communicating ( with equals, coachs, etc. ) on demand. Teachers use of engineering is promotes pupil larning. Teachers are non merely actively integrating ICT in learning but are besides active web content supplier for the Engineering talks. Experiences instructors are supplying pictures based technology talks for assorted technology classs that are transmitted via orbiter to 39 attached Engineering colleges. Teachers are bit by bit change overing these picture lectures in the vitamin E content formats. Based on the above findings, it is recommended that academicians and class decision makers pay more attending sing the usage of ICT resources as a major constituent in schoolroom instruction. This should function to pull greater support for ICT and e-learning among all classs of pupils.Mentions:Farideh Hamidi, M. M. ( 2011 ) . Information Technology in Education. Procedia Computer Science 3, 369-373. Glenda Gay, S. M. ( 2006 ) . Percepts of information and communicating engineering among undergraduate direction pupils in Barbados. International Journal of Education and Development utilizing Information and Communication Technology ( IJEDICT ) , 9. GraA?inne Conole, M. d. ( 2008 ) . ‘Disruptive engineerings ‘ , ‘pedagogical invention ‘ : What ‘s new? Findingss from an in-depth survey of pupils ‘ usage and perceptual experience of engineering. Computers & A ; Education 50, 511-524. Grineski, S. ( 1999 ) . Questioning the Role of Technology in Higher Education: Why is this the Road Less Traveled? The Internet and Higher Education 2 ( 1 ) , 45A ± 54. Jef C. Verhoeven, D. H. ( 2010 ) . Information and communicating engineerings in the life of university freshers: An analysis of alteration. Computers & A ; Education 55, 53-66. Jing Lei, Y. Z. ( 2007 ) . Technology uses and student accomplishment: A longitudinal survey. Computers & A ; Education 49, 284-296. Kennedy, G. D. ( 2006 ) . The net coevals are non large users of Web 2.0 engineerings: Preliminary findings. ICT: Providing Choices for Learners and Learning. Oblinger, D. G. ( 2005 ) . Educating the net coevals. An Educause e-book publication, ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/pub7101.pdf ) . Prensky, M. ( 2001 ) . Digital indigens, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, 9 ( 5 ) . Monetary value, A. K. ( 2005, June ) . Learners and larning in the 21st century. Surveies in higher instruction, 257-274.2005. Ran Wei, L. L. ( 1998 ) . Owning and utilizing new media engineering as forecasters of quality of life. Telematics and Information sciences 15, 237-251. Sharpe, R. , Benfield, G. , Lessner, E. , & A ; DeCicco, E. ( 2005 ) . Concluding study: Scoping survey for the teaching method strand of the JISC acquisition programme, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents /scoping % 20study % 20final % 20report % 20v4.1.doc [ 21/4/07 ] . Selwyn, N. ( 2003 ) . Apart from engineering: understanding people ‘s non-use of information and communicating engineerings in mundane life. Technology in Society 25, 99-116. Selwyn, N. ( 2007 ) . The usage of computing machine engineering in university instruction and acquisition: a critical position. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 83-94.Bhatkar ( 2011 ) , ‘New larning paradigms needed ‘ , Times of India, Retrived fromhypertext transfer protocol: //articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-22/pune/28625169_1_distance-learning-distance-education-ict ) . Gudanescu, S. ( 2010 ) . New educational engineerings. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2 ( 2 ) , 5646-5649. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.922 Romaniello, A. , Rey, U. , Carlos, J. , & A ; Medlin, D. ( 2010 ) . Higher instruction success and ICT. Bulletin of Applied Computing and Information Technology, 7 ( 1 ) , 109. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.com/books? id=6S0napW1w2kC & A ; pgis=1 ZeleA?akova , M. , Pavolova , H. , & A ; Bakalar, T. ( 2012 ) . Internet Communication in the Procedure of Education at Universities. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 2711-2715. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.552

Interview with someone who lived during WWII Essay

1.Question: Were you involved in the war? Any family members involved in the war? Answer: He was not involved in the war because he was too young. However, his father worked as an electric engineer for the army and operated radars. He had two uncles who were also in the army and had another uncle in the navy. 2.Question: Were you active in civil defense, Red Cross, war industries, other volunteer activities? Answer: He was in the boy scouts and was extremely patriotic. He collected scraps of aluminum, steel, iron, and paper for the war effort. He did not see this job as a burden and even competed for respect by trying to collect the most materials. He was also a coastal watcher and was assigned to watch for enemy submarines along the eastern coast. However, he never actually saw one. 3.Question: Any military experiences or personal anecdotes? Answer: He became a casualty-reporting officer in 1957 when he was stationed in Alaska. Before then, he was generally pro-war, but after telling two or three wives that their husbands were dead, he became more passive. He said his job as a casualty-reporting officer changed his view towards war and caused him to question the Vietnam War and the policies of President Bush. 4.Question: How did you view the war then? Answer: During the time of the war, he was nonchalant to the war. In fact, he said the worst part about the attack on Pearl Harbor was that he could not go to the beach on that day. As a child, he did not understand much about the war. For example, he said that when he learned about the Pearl Harbor invasion, he asked himself â€Å"what’s a Pearl Harbor?† and when he read about the dropping of the atomic bomb on Nagasaki and Hiroshima, he asked himself â€Å"what’s an atomic bomb?† He viewed the war as a game, because he never experienced any major losses. He thought that there was no way the United  States could lose and never worried for one second. 5.Question: How did you view military or political leaders during World War II? Answer: He admits that most of his opinions concerning them were affected by his father’s views and by movies, which he labels as propaganda. For example, he hated Himmler, Goebbels, Hitler, Goering, and Tojo because movies portrayed them as villains. He disliked Franklin D. Roosevelt because of his farm policies, which forced farmers to kill pigs in order to drive pork prices higher. He liked Churchill and idolized Dwight D. Eisenhower. 6.Question: Who do you feel was responsible for the war? Answer: He said the French were responsible for World War II because they created unfavorable and impossible situations for the Germans with their reparation system. He said that Hitler would never have risen into power if France had not burdened the German economy so heavily. He also felt that Japan was responsible for the war in the east, but the United States could have prevented the war from escalating by lifting its embargo on Japanese products. 7.Question: Did you suffer any deprivations because of the war? Answer: During World War II, Bill’s father worked with radars as an electrical engineer and was sent oversees to North Africa in 1943. Bill missed his father after he was called off to duty. Other than that, he suffered no other deprivations. 8.Question: Do you have any comments about rationing? Answer: Rationing was not very hard for his family because he had numerous relatives who were farmers. He maintained that the rations were adequate for his family and friends and that he never knew anyone who starved because of rationing. However, gasoline rations caused many problems for his family  because they moved around often. 9.Question: What were you doing when you first heard the news of Pearl Harbor? Answer: He was getting ready to go to the beach in Florida when he received a phone call from his father saying that Pearl Harbor had been attacked. His dad had to go directly to Pearl Harbor but he was just saddened that he could not go to the beach. It was not until several days later did he find out the severity of the situation when he saw a movie clarifying the Pearl Harbor attack. 10.Question: Did you know about the Nisei camps? Answer: No, like most Americans, he did not know about the Nisei camps until after the war had ended. At the University of Illinois, he had a close Japanese friend, ***** *********, who lived in a Nisei camp during World War II. Yukio was eleven years old when he was driven out of his home and sent into a Nisei camp. Yukio told Bill that there was plenty of food in the Nisei camp. The only bad memory he had of the camp was the giant fence that he was not allowed to cross in order to get his soccer ball. After Yukio’s family was released from the Nisei camp, they moved to Chicago to escape the bad memories that remained present in the west coast. 11.Question: How were Jewish refugees received in America? Were the welcomed? Answer: Bill said that as a child, he knew very little about the immigration laws for the Japanese and the Jewish. However, he distinctively remembered many restaurants and hotels hanging signs that read: â€Å"no Jews allowed†. He said that he always felt sympathetic towards the Jews because he had a close Jewish friend during the war. 12.Question: How were African Americans treated during the war? Answer: He said that he never had any friends that were African American during his childhood. He said there were no African Americans or any other  non-Caucasian races in any of the schools that he attended. He told me that African Americans were generally underused because they were thought of as inferior to the Caucasians. He even told me that some African Americans underwent experimental testing similar to the experiments that Hitler had used on the Jews. At Tuskegee, the United States military infected them with syphilis in order to study its effects on human beings. 13.Question: Was the war discussed in school? Answer: He said that kids usually talked about the war during school, but their teachers abstained from discussions about the war. Even in history class, teachers refused to discuss â€Å"current events† because they felt that the kids were too young to learn about the war. However, the children were allowed to sing patriotic songs for almost an hour every day. I think that Bill answered my questions without any bias or prejudice. He is currently taking many history courses at ******** so his historical knowledge is very accurate. His answers are impartial because he likes to view the war from different viewpoints. He told me that one must study World War II not only from the side of the Allies, but must gain the perspective of the Axis. During our interview, he constantly got off the subject and started lecturing me about the history of World War II. In fact, he brought several of his college textbooks and used his books to prove whatever point he was trying to make. Initially, after he told me about the syphilis experimental testing that the United States military administered on African Americans, I was reluctant to believe him (though I never showed any skepticism). However, he took out one of his textbooks, showed me the article on the Tuskegee experimental testing, and immediately gained my complete trust and confidence. Both his historical knowledge of World War II and his short-term (and probably long-term) memory are very accurate. I trust that the answers he gave concerning his childhood are also very accurate. Another reason that I think he was not biased in answering my questions was that he answered every one of them. He never tried to avoid any specific questions. Also, none of his relatives was injured or killed because of the war so it is unlikely for him to hold a grudge against the  Germans or the Japanese. However, one of the adverse effects of being too impartial is that he is unable to formulate any of his own opinions. For example, when I asked him who he thought was responsible for the war, he gave me a fifteen-minute history lecture about how France burdened Germany with reparation payments, which left the Germans economically destitute. Then he went on to discuss all the causes that were listed in his book, which took another fifteen minutes. After listening patiently for almost half an hour, I asked him who he felt was responsible for the war when he was a child. He answered, â€Å"When I was a kid, I was more interested in sports so I didn’t really care who was responsible for the war. Movies. Movies and my father convinced me that Hitler and Tojo were the ones responsible for the war†. I learned many things about life during World War II from Bill. For example, I learned that kids during that era were pro-war and very patriotic. This may have resulted from movies that were designed for propaganda. At that time, everyone went to the movies at least once a week, which may have greatly contributed to patriotism and to the war effort. I also learned that many children were active in collecting scraps of aluminum, steel, iron, or paper for the war effort. I do not know if these scraps actually helped build a lot of planes and ships, because it is foolish to think that there was that much scraps lying on the ground for the kids to collect, but it probably did get everyone involved and committed to the war effort. In addition, I learned that few Americans knew about the Nisei camps or the German concentration camps during World War II. It was not revealed to the public until after the war ended. Immigration laws were not widely publicized during the war either. I learned that rationing in the United States was not too awful and that no one starved or went hungry because of it. In fact, many felt that rationing was a major step up from the hunger caused by the Great Depression. Finally, I learned that some African Americans were the subjects of experimental testing during World War II. How can Americans shamelessly condemn Hitler’s experimental testing on the Jews when they are committing the same crime?

Australian Criminal Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Australian Criminal Law - Essay Example Whilst the law of homicide has evolved over time the incidence of homicide has remained relatively stable. The rate of homicide in Australia fluctuated from as low as 0.84 in 1941 to as high as 2.39 in 1988. Similarly, homicide in Australia between 1989/90 and 1998/99 revealed that over the last ten years the circumstances and characteristics of homicide in Australia have remained relatively unchanged. According to the latest figures derived from the National Homicide Monitoring Program (NHMP), there were 337 victims of homicide in 1999/2000, which are about two people for every 100,000 Australian residents (Mouzos 2001). In comparison to homicide in the United States, the rate is comparatively lower. In the United States about 6 for every 100,000 Americans are killed (US Department of Justice 2000) Homicide has many forms. Murder for gain, sexual and physical violence and abuse of women, and revenge are among the two most common reasons for homicide. While homicide has continued over the ages, the purpose of finding the reason has not changed much in comparison to the methods used to trace the cause. Like in all investigations, the investigators have to gather and analyse whatever information and clue they get before zeroing on the suspect. No person is guilty until proved so, and to bring the criminal to justice, the law must ascertain from reliable sources information, intelligence, leads, tips, and witness statements to build a positive case. This is however, a long process, as analysis of such large amounts of information using traditional research methods can take quite a long time, and using antiquated analysis methods has been said to impair or slow down an investigation. Access to information, and clues; be it positive or negative, can have an impact on the investigation, leading sometimes to the delayed arrest of the perpetrator (Travis, 1996), or in extreme cases, the arrest of an innocent person (Jenny Mouzos, p.2-5, 2001). Sexual and physical violence and abuse has remained a bane on society. Women find themselves fighting a losing battle, and against all odds, as they stand and try to fend for themselves against a pack of wolves. There have been thousands of cases that have gone unreported, and a couple of thousands more that remain unsolved. Most of the cases that remain unsolved are because of the non-cooperation of the victims to help the investigators in their duty. Social factors and fright are attributed to reasons for such misendeavour. So, does the criminal law need reform in order to protect women from sexual and physical violence and abuse 2.0 Report Many women in prisons experienced disadvantages such as poor education and literacy, very limited employment skills, inadequate housing, and

Developing Hospitality properties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Developing Hospitality properties - Essay Example So, the advertising will consist of direct mail, banner ads, and inserts. Also, special efforts will be taken to ensure the appearance of special articles about the restaurant in newspapers and other health magazines. This is so because it has been found that such articles have the potential to attract people easily and convince them. It has been found that restaurants and other businesses which manage to have articles published in newspapers and magazines experience dramatic growth in business. So, personal relationships will be utilised to achieve this aim. Allen Pasta Restaurant aims to offer its customers the best and most delicious pasta meal in the city. Also, this will be offered in the best and most pleasing ambience. Furthermore, special attention will be taken to ensure that the customers are given a better service than they anticipated (Marketing strategy, 2000). Thus, it becomes evident that Allen’s customers are aged from 25-55, who are responsible for 62% of the total consumption in the city of -------. Though age is not a matter of important concern, Allen’s customers will be young working people and families with an income above $ 40,000. Another point is the increasing health-consciousness in the city. So, a considerable proportion of the customers will be the health-conscious eaters of the city who are willing to spend money for healthy eating options. Allen Pasta Restaurant wants to position itself as an average-priced, upscale, pasta restaurant. The customers will be the ones who love quality and tasty pastas, health-conscious, educated individuals, groups, and families, usually within the age of 25-50. Service- In order to ensure that the customers are offered the best service experience in the city, the employees will be given special training. Only quality employees will be deployed. It is calculated that better product along with better service will help the company beat its rivals. The most important

Article about Walmart by using Prahalad&Hamel1990 materials and Assignment - 1

Article about Walmart by using Prahalad&Hamel1990 materials and stratigies - Assignment Example Its low-cost merchandise and services include groceries section. It offers health and wellness services. It has an e-commerce section and offers diverse financial services. It offers entertainment services. Besides, it offers hardliners. Wal-Mart has an apparel section at its stores. It also has home furnishings and housewares. It operates mobile commerce applications used by its customers. With the current advancement in technology, the company has incorporated the latest techniques in business such as the E-commerce services to promote its growth. Wal-Mart Company is anticipating significant growth in its subsidiaries locally and globally stretching its customer’s base. The advancement of the social media network exposes the company to extensive online order placement increasing its annual growth rate to ii percent. The company would like to maintain and increase the rate of reputation it enjoys now and in future as a giant retail corporation internationally. Products sold are environmental friendly and affordable to customers at Wal-Mart as compared to other retailers. Goods sold at Wal-Mart are safe for consumption since they pass quality control department within country. Customers at Wal-Mart pride in the exceptional service offered to them at the shop. The low prices of products and services at Wal-Mart attract customers. Centralization and decentralization chronologically analyses the company management organizational structure. Wal-mart performs the top-down management procedure having its big headquarters in Arkansas all the subsidiaries are managed from a central point. Wal-Mart’s central management deals with supervision and the delegation of duties to junior employees at their international outlets. The company’s corporate culture and the management structure are centralized including procurement and supply chain services. Its top-down management strategy enhances the delivery of orders to employees and the suppliers to maintain the

Reaction essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Reaction - Essay Example esbians/ Gays memorial to that of the Holocaust genocide, it is clear that both were establishments of remembrance of the mass murders that the Roma/Sinti and the Lesbians/ Gays as well as the Jews, all who were murder targets of the Nazis. Separation of the memorials is indeed a good idea considering the targets were affiliated to different groupings, despite the fact that all were the targets of a common enemy during the same period. Similarly, ‘Ort,’ underground place of information, was a good idea considering that it contained the names of all the individuals that perished during the genocide. Such idea enables for easy remembrance of the persons that lost lives during the same time and, therefore, a good idea. The name â€Å"Murdered Jews of Europe,† is the best name. The memorial is for remembrance of Jews murdered by the Nazis and such excludes Jews who died from diseases and old age as such are considered natural deaths. Despite having Holocaust museum in Washington D.C., it is not appropriate to have a national monument simply because Washington D.C., was never the actual area in which the genocide occurred. The museum, therefore, remains for remembrance purposes of the Jews who lost lives during the same period. From the narration of Emmaly Reed, it is clear that the Jews underwent through the greatest time in history, an experience that for someone like Emmaly Reed, would never fade

Gone with the wind Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gone with the wind - Essay Example It stood out to be as the best and the most popular film in the year, 1939. The huge cast of the film was highly embraced by the audience. The people enjoyed each and everything related to the film, also including the depiction of African Americans in it. It became as one of the highest rating film in the history of America. ‘Scarlett O'Hara’ was the character which remained highly focused in the eyes of the audience. This role was immensely played by the well-known beautiful actress, ‘Vivien Leigh’. Scarlett is the strong leading character in the film. The whole story of the film revolved around the incredible life of Scarlett. On the basis of the character, Vivien Leigh stood out to be best suitable woman for the film. She tremendously put the best of herself to portray the character of ‘Scarlett O'Hara’, and to make this film as successful as the novel. Her performance in the film is so extraordinary that it brings me no surprise that she has won the ‘Best Actress Award’ for this film. Vivian was successful to become the lifetime heroine of Margaret Mitchells. I have read this novel more than five times, and while reading the novel I used to wonder who can perfectly portray the Scarlett O’Hara? Because the character of Scarlett is put as too s trong, wild, bold, brave, confident, stubborn, somewhere proud, egoistic, shameless, intense in love matter, courageous, devoted, confusing, revenge taking, selfish, dignified, and determined towards goals. Vivian’s performance in the film has covered every inch details according to the demand of the role. The way she raised and out herself against every shot of the film, is truly applauding. I watched the film two times just to watch the legendary performance of Vivian Leigh. I really admired and adored the way she delivered her dialogues, either it was the expression of happiness, sadness, grief, aggressive, lust, bold, romantic, weeping, enthusiastic or fighting. Every dialogue threw by Vivian  Leigh perfectly matched the genre and demand of the scene.  

The Laws of Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

The Laws of Leadership - Essay Example This is the Law of the Inner Circle. According to Maxwell (1998), â€Å"Nobody does anything great alone. Leaders do not succeed alone.† (127) This is a statement of fact and it is actually practical. There was a time that I was given the mantle of leadership, but I must confess that, I did not farewell based on my own talents, but with the help and support of the people that worked with me. I did not succeed alone as it was with the help of the people closest to me. Thus, the Law of the Inner Circle was enacted in my life and now I know that, great men do not achieve great things alone, but with the efforts of the great minds that work with them (Pierce & Newstrom, 2010). According to John Maxwell (1998) in 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership, â€Å"Effective leaders are always on the lookout for good people.† (103). I think I have not fared well in this regard. I know that, I need good people to work with, but I have not taken time to look for them. I have not really tried to magnet the people that I know that I can work with. In order to solve this leadership lapse, I would try as much as possible to be like the kind of people that I want to work with, so that it would be easier for me to attract them. I would try to take my time out to attract people to my sphere and make them work towards achieving our common

Poverty In Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Poverty In Canada - Essay Example UNISEF has found out that child poverty rate in Canada, which is one among the wealthiest nations of the world, was 14.9% in 1990s (Raphael, p.11 of preface). Canada’s treatment of its â€Å"poor, single mothers and natives† had come even under the UN criticism and the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights had remarked that the â€Å"country has not ensured Canadians enjoy economic and social rights guaranteed by a UN covenant to which Ottawa is a signatory† (Raphael, 9). The CCSD National Task Force had given a comprehensive diagrammatic representation for measuring poverty and had listed â€Å"three important dimensions of well-being† as, â€Å"economic, psycho-social and political participation† (9). The review done by the task force has shown that Canadian society lacks in all these three dimensions to various degrees (CCSD National Task Force, 9-11). ... The gravity of the situation is so that â€Å"more than 3m Canadians (or one in ten) are poor; and 610,000 of them are children† (The Economist). Causes The major cause of poverty in Canada is found to be lower wages that people are getting. It is a social reality that, â€Å"market incomes have stagnated for all earners, except the most wealthy† (Global Economic Justice Report, 2). In 2005, it was observed that â€Å"one in six Canadian workers earns less than $10 an hour† (Global Economic Justice Report, 2). A contributing factor to the low-wage situation has been the â€Å"increases in non-standard work (contracts, part-time work, temporary agency work) and an increased number of so-called â€Å"involuntary part-time workers†-workers who would prefer to work full-time but are unable to find such work† (Global Economic Justice Report, 2). As compared to the other rich nations of the world, Canada spends very less money on minimum wages, health and social service investments, education, employment, training, and social infrastructure (Raphael, p.12 of preface). In Canada, it is noted that the people remain poor because, â€Å"the political and economic system does not provide employment wages or social assistance benefits at a level†¦that allow for a life outside of poverty† (Raphael, p.11 of preface). Also the public policy does not ensure, â€Å"affordable housing, childcare, and health and social services, thereby straining the resources available to†¦vulnerable groups† (Raphael, p.11-12 of preface). The housing problem was so grave for low-income earners that the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights had asked Canadian government to consider low-income housing as a

Summer Solstice Essay Example for Free

Summer Solstice Essay The Summer Solstice is a short story written by Nick Joaquin. The book tells the story of a ritual performed by women to call upon the gods to grant fertility. The ritual they perform is to dance around a century-old Balete tree. The ritual was known as Tatarin and lasted for three days during the summer months. The last day of Tatarin is the same day as St. Johns Day. The story is set on St Johns Day in the 1850s in the Philippines. Entoy tells Dona Lupeng that Amada has participated in the ritual. While they are on board a carriage, Dona Lupeng talks about why Amada still believes in the ritual. The carriage comes to a halt and everyone watches a procession taking place. Dona Lupeng mocks the arrogance of the men taking part in the procession. When they arrive at a house Dona Lupeng discovers that Guido, Don Paengs cousin, had taken part in both the procession they have just witnessed and in the Tatarin ritual. Guido lifted Dona Lupengs skirt whilst she was looking for her children. Dona Lupeng then tells Don Paeng about the incident and tells him that Guido had even kissed her feet. Don Paeng is disgusted that the woman has been shown adoration, as he feels that love and respect are more befitting. Dona Lupeng and Don Paeng go to witness the ritual and Dona Lupeng joins in with the ceremony.Once home, Dona Lupeng makes Don Paeng tell her that he adores her. He submits by kissing her feet. SETTING It was 1850’s during the Spanish period and the 2nd-3rd day of St. John’s Day. The main events in the story happened in the Moretas residence and at their town’s mini plaza and those happened during the night. CHARACTERS Donya Lupeng Moreta- long-married woman with three children Don Paeng Moreta- the highly moral husband of Donya Lupeng Guido- young cousin to the Moretas who studied in Spain Amada- the family cook and Entoys wife Entoy- the family driver RESOLUTION Paeng kissed her feet despite of his bruises. Lupeng shocked not knowing that he will actually do it. POINT OF VIEW Third person omniscient was the point of view of the sorry where in the both reader and writer observe the thoughts of more than one character.

The History Of Aussie Pet Mobile Marketing Essay

The History Of Aussie Pet Mobile Marketing Essay Aussie Pet Mobile offers driving come to home grooming services for pets, providing the expert loving pet care that the same as the owners would provide. Our target customers are toward the pets owners especially for those who are singles with one or more pets or both working full time parents with poor time availability. Aussie Pet Mobile supplies different kinds of pet grooming services for releasing people from dull housework in washing pets. The pet care industry has seen growing tendency over the last ten years throughout Australia. Although the pets owners are below in the average of national, the density of pets is still visible in Canberra. Based on the target market segmentations, the analysis indicates that the pets owners are willing to spent money in the pets care services as they treated their pets as family members. The environment in mobile pet grooming industry is being regulated strictly by environmental and legal factors. While there are currently 11 companies providing mobile pet grooming services in ACT, only three of them are oligopoly to provide expert services. Compared with other major competitors, providing expert services in affordable price is the promise of Aussie Pet Mobile. To better compete in the fierce environment, the situation about SWOT and competitors analysis will be given by identifying the position of APM business. The recommendation based on 4P analysis suggests plan to assist APM in obtaining brand equity and market share. Then the recommended survival chain plan will be provided to assist the APM business in customer profitability, employee productivity, and internal and leadership audit. 1. Introduction In nowadays, the trend in raising pets has significant increased due to the rapid changes in peoples lifestyle. The subdivision in pet care industry has become more and more important according to the tendency. This is a decartelisation industry that derived value to pet owners to obtain market share, not only for the direct consumption such as foods, treats and accessories, but also related with pet care services like grooming, training and dog hotel and so on. To distinguish with traditional pets grooming salon, a new style which through appointment and coming direct to the home services has been launched. It is undeniable that with the changing in the technology, globalisation has provided various opportunities for this emerging industry. However, the potential problems will be exposed in the practice. The marketing report will evaluate on the environmental and situational impacts, and target market will be pointed out. Based on those analyses, the recommendation for the Aussie Pe t Mobile will be illustrated in terms of product, price, promotion and place. 2. Objectives The objectives are settling out based on the corporate, and marketing factors. For corporate perspectives, Aussie Pet Mobile has commenced on the successful marketing strategy and participates in the leadership in the industry. It aims in provide great value to all customers, and developing uniqueness and differentiate services to the public. On the other hand, for the perspective of marketing strategy, APM has positioned four goals in different aspects to gain competitive advantages. To recover into financial recession, it aims to achieve mutual practice on cost-efficient and differentiation strategy and becoming the best choice of Canberra within 2 years. To break even to cover all costs requires more profits that including vehicle costs, wages, direct materials and overhead costs. To encourage employee productivity and control costs in the manner of workers in obtaining business production efficiency in the social aspects. On the personal perspective, the managing on the customers relationships and brand image can support the process in generating revenue. Lastly, in maximising the using eco-friendly and nature materials and water saving will lead to implement sustainable development for the business. 3. Company Description Aussie Pet Mobile was formed in 1996 in Australia, and further expanded into global headquarters in the America in 1999 (Aussie Pet Mobile 2013). It regarded as the top brand in driving to home pet grooming services in the worldwide. The later on in introducing the franchise operations have become the most important strategy in developing their business scale. And the franchise chain is growing rapidly and currently faces totally over 400 territories serviced everyday through eight countries. They are continuously reinvented themselves to the evolution of pet grooming services to achieve customers satisfaction. They are commitment to the quality, flexible and loving care services to pets, and also to provide convenient to pets owners. 4. Environment Analysis 4.1 Economic environment According to Australian Bureau of Statistics (2012), the unemployment rate of ACT was 3.4%, and down from 4% in the previous year whereas lower than 5.2% of the national rate in 2012. Moreover, the average weekly earnings of Canberra are steadily increased up to 1,554.5 while the average rate in this state was 1,333.5 in the last year (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2012). Those data would indicate that the people in ACT have surplus on it budget to afford pet services. In the Australia, people are most enjoyed in spending substantial amount of money on pet care as they treated pets like their family members. Since there is a stronger signal in Canberra economy, the survival possibility for new business like pet service will be feasible. Referred to the evaluation of Headey (cited in Australian Companion Animal Council n.d.), the annual contribution of pet industry is around $4.74 Billion which becomes one of the largest industries in Australia. Overall, the mobile pet grooming indu stry is a fast growing industry that has great opportunity to expand in its best interest. Social Environment In many ways, pets have been treated more like love substitutes where children are undertaken in modern industrial society. Particularly, pets could be trained in a kindly way which is easier to love and helping owners to become sociality and more adequate tailored new lifestyle (Nast 2006). From physical activity perspective, pets become a kind of social support when they are owners exercising. A recent study reported that 31% of women who has no pets or job were less likely walk for exercising their bodies (Bell et.al. cited in Cutt 2006). The regular exercise is now playing a key role in a health life and prevention from illness. In targeting of Middle age adults, a national campaign in Australia is aimed to achieve small walking exercise everyday in order to make people involving in social marketing and social cognitive (Booth et.al. 2011). Indeed, walking with dogs could bring more attention, and can encourage communications between people. As advocates of making pets included i n the factors of social capital and community, pet owners will engage in green living by taking care their pets. Environmental analysis For the mobile pet grooming business, the most potential problem could be polluting. According to the Environment Protection Act 1997 and the Environment Protection Regulation 2005, this kind of business must strict complying with the regulation to avoid potential liability or fines (Environment and Sustainable Development 2012). The operator should consider how it might impact on the environment, such as water, land or air. Also, the noise pollution when you are working should be taken into account. For the water using to wash pets, there is limited amount to use, and avoid wastewater to flow into stormwater system. Ensure no spilling of chemicals or detergents to pollute stormwater, and the maintenance of machines should be regularly checked. The rubbish such as fur, nails and other wastes should be collected into general garbage and disposed it to participate in the environmentally friendly action everywhere you working. 4.4 Technological environment The technological environment is the most important part to support mobile pets grooming service. In relation with the working, the portable pets washing area as opposed to the fixed location should have enough space and well equipped to assist grooming service. Furthermore, to better competitive in this industry area, an improvement on water saving or recycling technology should be designed to help this business to survival, such as speciality shower heads or changing washing times. Also, the development of internet in head office must be appropriate built for the purpose of database design and customers feedback receiving. The benefits are easy to track employees work, build customers profile, and response to claims, which might further assist in creating brand image. As for a mobile pet grooming business, the calling system of direct interaction between customers should be well built as the core technology of company. 4.5 Legal environment The responsibility of pets grooming services is set up by Australian Welfare Code of Practice, and such standards in aim of providing protections during pets mobile services. Animal Welfare Act 1992, Animal Welfare Regulation 2001, Domestic Animals Act 2000, Domestic Animals Regulation 2001, and Animal Disease Act 2005 are aim to enforce these legislation in Canberra (Urban Policy Analysts and Town Planners 2006). These regulations have been put in place to monitor from the time of transferring custody rights of pets, and until it return to the pets owner. Also, there is the need of registration of vehicle and trailer for the vehicle that using in mobile pets grooming. From protection environment view, as I concluded in above, there is an offence to pollute stormwater system, and the Environment Protection Authority will manage the noise pollution while they received complaints (Environment and Sustainable Development 2012). Political environment The Australia Government do have policies to protect small business development. It aims in providing fair competitive environment for new growing business, and the regulations will guide small business in respect of their businesses operating, such as workplace health and safety, workplace relations, financial and other professional services and so on (COSBOA 2013). 5. Situation Analysis 5. 1 SWOT Analysis 5.1.1 S-Strengths Mobile pet grooming services can offer great value to pet owners. Firstly, customers can obtain exclusive time value from Aussie Pet Mobile. Since it is directly come to the home services which conveniently benefit for customers saving time. Secondly, as the services can come to the home of customers, it offers place value to them. Compared with the other retail stores, the advantage of flexible place can provides customers to release from shuttling between two places. Thirdly, customers can gain form value through services including grooming, bathing, nail-clipping, ear and dental care and so on. Moreover, because of it is an Australian wide franchise store, the quality of product or services has a warranty to customers and the company has capacity to provide superior services. Lastly, they have follow-up customer services which enable enquiry and feedback to reduce cognitive dissonance ( ). 5.1.2 W-Weaknesses There are many factors which might exposes problems in practice. Many people, against pet mobile services, are willing to wash their own pets to save money. To some extent, there is a majority of customers doing by themselves unless the need of trimming. The weakness relates with facilities and profession skills also harmful to business success. As pet mobile services need to rely heavily on vehicle use, this will lead on extra cost like petro, vehicle and registration and insurance. The possibility will be created in enhancing the price of services as those values adding cost happened. Besides, the requirement of qualifications and training on staff is essential to survival in the pet grooming industry. As the process directly contacts with pets, the knowledge of breed, behaviour, and health issues are required by the groomer. 5.1.3 O-Opportunities For Aussie Pet Mobile, there are some factors that can be improved to strengthen its services. As there is a large amount of pet owners in Canberra, the trend for pet grooming services will quickly grow. Especially for dog, it is the most adequate pets to washing and grooming, AMG can provide benefits to the busy dog owners and the communities they are part of. The improving on the washing facilities can assist in the effectiveness on pets grooming and saving water. Using media resources to promote in public influences can help in obtaining market shares and awareness. Although it is a franchise company with scale, the influence in the Canberra area still need more efforts. Also, to build its brand image and good reputation, excellent and professional services can create great opportunity for AMGs business. 5.1.4 T-Threats The negative impact will be carried out in internal and external environment. First of all, there are lots of different sizes pet services existed in the market, not only for mobile pet grooming services, but also various local dog washing venues. Indeed, as it is simply to set up, new competitors may easily enter in the market. Mobility can provides the lowest cost on build new mobile pet grooming business due to there is no requirement on the permanent shop. Furthermore, the external environment, which is economic recession, might encourage customers to wash pets by themselves to save money other than waste it in unnecessary ways. 5.2 Competitive analysis 5.2.1 Competitive advantage The Aussie Pet Mobile can gain competitive advantages in its marketing strategy. Firstly, the positioning strategy requires it providing outstanding services in affordable prices. 5.2.2 Competitors analysis The market of mobile pet grooming in Canberra is highly concentration competitive environment. The oligopoly occupied by three businesses in ACT area which are HydroDog (Blue wheelers), Aussie Pooch Mobile, Jims Dog Wash and Jams Dog Wash. In addition, there are listing 11 competing mobile suppliers in Yellow Pages (2013). The market in Canberra is volatility as there are new players continuously entered in. The potential threat could be some small family-based businesses, such as Sparkling Paws Mobile, occupied the market share quickly in specific region. For Sparkling Paws, it provides cost-efficient services in lowest prices. As it is family based, it normally uses home to operate business, and it can easily built relationship with neighbours. However, on the other hand, with respect of business size where small businesses may hardly survival in expanding their business strategy in short term. According to below positioning map of major competitors, it can be seem that HydroDog and James Dog Wash provide high standard services which also results in high price charging. Especilly for HydroDog, where renamed as Blue Wheelers, it aims in developing expert in modern technologies, products and new areas of customer service. The unique blue dog mobile salon is equipped with top of the range grooming and washing facilities such as air conditioning, specialist washing treatment and so on (Blue Wheelers 2013). While Aussie Pooch Mobile is rated second satisfaction in the Top Franchise Awards of level of initial investment less than $50,000 (Franchise Survey 2009), it is the number one dog wash and grooming professionals in the Australia and in the world (Aussie Pooch Mobile 2013). The operators in Aussie Pooch Mobile are specialist in pets stylish and massaging, and the services are in affordable price. 6. Target Market Segmentation 6.1 Geographic The population of dogs in Australia has increased significantly to 3.41 million whereas the cat population was 2.35 million in 2009. With the growing tendency in population of Canberra, the number of people has increased to 367,800 in 2011, which represents 15% growth rate compared with ten years ago(Australian Bureau of Statistics 2012). A survey conducted in 1993 (Revill 1994) that the estimation of the dog population in ACT has reached 36,000, and the number of amount will become extremely considerable at nowadays. Examine on behaviour of raising pets is considered their pet as part of the family and further indication in willing to cost money in their pet (RSPCA, 2005). The largest suburb population in Canberra is distributed in Belconnen area, and followed by Tuggeranong with 90,700, 89,300 respectively (ACT Chief Ministers Department 2010). This information makes it clear that there is more possibility to promote mobile pet grooming service in those areas. Since Belconnen is th e town centre of Canberra, of those people who leaves in there might pursue more convenient services for available releasing themselves from fast lifestyle, as well as taking care of pets. As Aussie Pet Mobile is a drive in service which could be directly in front of customers door, the distribution requirement has very less limitation on this company. However, there might be more demand in the large population of suburbs. Demographic There are several aspects to support people in raising pets. The more important aspect is financial capacity to sustain the expenditure on pets, as the cost varies from food, care, to veterinary services. According to the analysis above, the average earnings of Canberrans are beyond the national rate which indicates they owned substantial money to afford pets services. For the different group of people, household with young kid, in which is aged bellowing 5, were less possible to keep pets compared with those families who have children in school age. The trend grows consistently with the age of child, and with three-quarters of families raised pets where the aged of their child among 10-14 years old (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2012). The married couples with dependents have the largest proportion to own pets in all household types whilst lone parents were the second percentage with 49% and 41.1% respectively, and typically women are the major carers of the pet (RSPCA 2005). For those people who have pet, they could be identified as the potential customers for Aussie mobile pet grooming service especially for married women and lone parents who also need work and taking care about family and pets. Psychographics The influence of social class could be affected by three aspects: income, occupation, and education level (Perner 2012). As pet grooming services from Aussie Pet Mobile grooming are not cheap, with starting $55 per dog to $90 and the price varying depends on the size of pets. As for occupation of pets owners, the impact might depends on the how many available times are pets owners having, as well as income. For a busy worker, he or she might focus plenty of time on work to gain more personal values and salaries, but less time to look after pets. In other words, of those who have to constant to work, they are more likely to seek for mobile pets grooming services. Since there is a positive relationship between occupation and income, the regular worker will have less time but enough money to consume in Aussie Pet Mobile. Also, the impacts of income are obviously important in relation with purchasing pet grooming services. In a nutshell, the middle and upper class have more chance to uti lize the services. For the people who are attracted packaging more important than quality, such as aspirer, and have social awareness and respect value of time and curious about new thing like reformer, will be the majority group in consuming mobile grooming services. Behavioural For the time poor pets owners, also recognised as regular user, they are more likely to take repetitive purchases and heavily relied on the mobile grooming services. These group of people involve full time singles who own one or two more pets, both working parents with pets, and active no child couples who both have full time works, and enjoy in the social activities other than trifling chores. For example, they are tired with washing pets by themselves. After these groups are aware of coming front pets grooming services, and have experience in it, they might continuously use this services as it free them from consuming and limitation of time. Secondly, there might be some occasional users that potentially purchased mobile grooming services. For example, on special events, some local vets might wish to keep up with demand, and utilised their service referred to Aussie Pet Mobile services via discount deals. Also, some customers might curious about coming-to-home pets grooming service s and want to have a try, or they are busy at some specific time. In a word, there are two types customers to use Aussie Pet Mobile services, one is constant users who are lack of time to wash pets, and the other one is occasional users that are potentially demanded on services. 7. The Marketing Mix 7.1 Product Recommendation The Aussie Pet Mobile provides variety of services to customers including washing, clipping, teeth brushing, and puppy cuts and so on. It developed 15 Steps of grooming for all breeds of dogs and cats. The process includes cleaning the ears and the eyes and clipping the nails. The full brush is doing before and after the bath. In the shower, they use completely eco-friendly and nature shampoo and conditioner and double rinse after that. They will do trimming of the paws and feathers if you required. They will treat pets tasty food after a little fragrance. However, the services that APM provided are similar compared with other mobile pet grooming business. To better differentiate itself, the expansion on the services is vital for the long-term development. The designed services towards different group of pets that is important to differentiate it from all kinds of pet grooming business not only for the mobile grooming services. The designed services can be carried out in terms of different types of pets, but also develop it into all area. For example, the 15 Steps grooming services are mainly toward to dogs in terms of its physical characteristics. However, the services in treating cats should be carefully evaluated as it is not friendly pets to strangers. The designed services should be aimed in making cats more comfortable and ease in line with its physical and behaviour features. Also, providing different classes of services can gain more loyalty customers. The alternatives of choices in services will lead in the changing on the expectations from customers (Wells Foxall 2013). For instance, rich customers might look for the expert services whereas normal customers expected affordable price in suitable performance. The other area se rvices could be developing on consulting working, guarding and training to pets. The consulting and training services can contribute on the promoting their expertise in branding. 7.2 Price Recommendation The price decisions are always the most important component in the companys marketing strategy. Also, it cannot be ignore that reasonable price, continue with product quality, are the two ingredients in balancing marketing mix (Magrath 1986). The price of Aussie Pet Mobile is determined by service driven factors. There is a difference between small and large pets with the range from $55 to $90 depend on the weight (Aussie Pet Mobile 2013). Considering with services that APM provided, it is included driving come to home, 15 steps processing on the pets. The costs might invisibly absorb profits as there are some non-value adding activities. Price variables, including retail price, bargaining purchase, allowances, creditability, influence the testing of acquisition value by customers (Atamin et al. 2010). To maximise it pricing power, the cost leadership and differentiation strategy should be mutually used to compete with the other businesses. For the cost leadership strategy, the measurement of cost drivers is essential. There are many factors which might result in cost adding. For example, the driving come to home services will lead to cost on petrol. However, the suggestion would be to better arrange the operators in bustling region. As for an operator, the charge of business in only Belconnen area is more efficient than rushing on the road between Tuggeranong and Belconnen. Also, once the business targeted on 15 steps services, the evaluation on the repetitive activities should be carried out. Since there are two brush and two rinse activities included (Aussie Pet Mobile 2013), the usage of water and shampoo and cond itioner will be increased. The control on the consumptions of first time will lead more cost-efficiently not only for water saving, but also for retrench on direct materials. The differentiation strategy is based on the assumption of setting different classes of services. Then the value-based pricing could be implemented in high class services as it is the perception value (Kotler et.al. 2013) that high level pets owners expected. 7.3 Promotion Recommendation According to Atamin et.al. (2010), it stated that promotion is increasing the satisfaction of the objectives and influence the perceptions of target consumers to facilitate exchange within customers and company; also it contributes in effectively and efficiently communicating the decisions of business strategy. The general approach is through the using of television, radio, and printed advertisements in the geographic areas to hold the likelihood of repeat purchase. Especially in the downtown centre of Belconnen and Tuggeranong, the degree of publicity in public area for Aussie Pet Mobile, should be extremely enhanced in busy hours at the weekends. For example, increasing repetitive advertising on TV in shopping centre or famous restaurant in lunch time could strengths the memories of APM in relative with lower advertisement costs in whole day. The highly repetitive advertisement in specific times will increase the informing indication to customers (Quester et.al. 2011). Also, the customer promotion tools can be used to help APM gaining more market share (Kolter et.al. 2013). In some large occasions, such as public holiday, APM can send operators to bustling area in volunteer washing pets, and also hand out redeemable coupons and discount offers. The designed vehicle of APM could be the best spotlight to attract customers attentions because of it is the vital services operating tool, and it is the first thing showed up in customers mind rather than groomers. Besides, the trade promotion tool can also be implemented. Since the group buying activities are in growing tendency, APM can offer some allowanced discount in great value through internet marketing. Also, for the business to business purpose, Aussie Pet Mobile grooming can integrate their services to local vets or dog hotels during the busy periods. These services can keep up with demand and on the basis of promotion deals. 7.4 Place Recommendation Atamin et.al. (2010) said that the place are related with channels of distributions that delivering the product to the target consumers. However, because of pets groomer are directly toward customers to supply services, there is no distribution channel or through middle man sales. As it is free from place limitation, Aussie Pet Mobile may obtain place flexibility due to its particular types of business form. The shifting places will provide a mobile billboard advertisement for this business. To make sure of telephone number and website are on the appearance of van to promote business in everywhere. On the other hand, to build long term relationships with customers, the necessity of setting head office in local area is important. The function of this office is to manage consulting and job arrangement. And further in expanding their business provides a series of exclusive pet care work such as looking after pets when owners are away, and training pets to achieve sustainable development . 8. Overall Recommendation Aussie Pet Mobile is the largest franchise mobile pet grooming in the world (Franchise Help 2004). However, it is a stranger in the market of ACT. To increase brand equity, APM needs to focus on generating awareness quickly and differentiation. In order to obtain market share and brand loyalty, the survival chain should be audited based on the development. There are three factors that need to be attention. Firstly, the profitability and growth drivers are derived from customer loyalty. The action is on increasing brand-building media weight by participating more advertisement campaign. Television is recommended for the ability to draw massive attention. To use free social media might be a slow way to promote its brand, such as Facebook and Twitter, but still an appropriate way to run. Online marketing is an effective way to reach all kinds of customers, such as involving in the group buying sellers to offer discount package of services. Moreover, making some actions are toward target users through segmentation targeting. For the time poor regular workers, they might have less time on surf online to access discount information, so the information posters could be deliver to the mail box. For married women who have pets, the using of word of mouth can be developed in asking them to invite friends in consuming services and receive discount on their purchase. As women are the major carer of pets, they always consider about the value in using services. Secondly, the value derives from employee productivity can directly assist in achieving cost-efficient purpose. The efficiency and effectiveness is about how much resources being used in achieving organisation goals (Hupper Ishikawa 2005). A high performance employee will contribute to reduce costs as he or she has more productivity with respect of time range and direct materials costs. Lastly, a leadership and internal quality control underlies the survival chain success. The study on the market research and feasibility to seek suggestion from publics will help Aussie Pet Mobile easily entering into the market. With the brand audit, approachable suggestions and complaints from customers will help the business to track the problems. It demands to design on the website to provide a space to share experiences, such frequent asked questions, and blog builders incorporation. The voices from employees, including complaints and feedback, can directly influence the quality in services as it is the power of internal audit. 9. Budget To implement survival chain plan, associate costs should be taken into consideration. The typical costs are covered in advertisement on TV, negotiating deals with group buying, the printing cost of posters, labour cost, research and development such as questionnaires and information system design like website. According to Franchise Survey (2009), it stated that the initial investment of Aussie Pooch Mobile in capital is AU$25,000 $50,000, the estimated weekly turnover is $1154 whereas the estimated weekly marketing costs are $40. We can assume that the business scale is similar with Aussie Pooch Mobile, so the cost model is still same as their structure. However, although there is an economic inflation in nowadays, there will be slight increase in the weekly revenues as Aussie Pet Mobile is not charge in premium prices on the services whereas there will be great increasing on the costs. The result will be minimizing on the APMs profits. Obviously, the cost leadership strategy shoul d continuously implement throughout the businesss operation. 10. Conclusion In conclusion, the report mainly demonstrates the environmental factors influencing on Auss

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The Complexity of Mother and Daughter Relationships in Amy Tan’s Joy Lu

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